Kelly K1,2, Cumming S2, Kenny B2, Smith-Merry J2, Bogaardt H2.

Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018 Mar 28:1-9. doi: 10.1080/17549507.2018.1448895. [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract

PURPOSE: With an ageing population, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can expect to encounter legal and ethical challenges associated with palliative and end-of-life care more frequently. An awareness of the medico-legal and ethical framework for palliative dysphagia management will better equip SLPs to work effectively in this area.

METHOD: This narrative review examines a range of legislation, legal, ethical and SLP literature that is currently available to orient SLPs to legal and ethical palliative dysphagia management in the Australian context.

RESULT: Relevant legal and ethical considerations in palliative and end-of-life care are described.

CONCLUSION: SLPs have a role in palliative dysphagia management, however, this can involve unique legal and ethical challenges. The legal position on provision and cessation of nutrition and hydration differs between Australian States and Territories. Decisions by the courts have established a body of relevant case law. This article introduces SLPs to some of the important considerations for legal and ethical palliative care, but is not intended to be directive. SLPs are encouraged to explore their local options for ethical and medico-legal guidance. It is hoped that increasing SLPs awareness of many of the concepts discussed in this article enhances the provision of high-quality patient-centred care.

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Miles A1, Jardine M2, Johnston F2, de Lisle M2, Friary P2, Allen J3.

J Neurol Sci. 2017 Dec 15;383:180-187. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.11.015. Epub 2017 Nov 15.

Abstract

PURPOSE: Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT LOUD®) is an effective therapy for phonation in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) but little is known about any additional spread of effects to swallowing and cough function. This pilot study examined the effect of LSVT LOUD on pharyngeal swallowing parameters and reflexive cough strength.

METHODS: Twenty participants (14 men, 6 women; mean 68years, SD3.5) with PD referred for LSVT LOUD with complaints of voice deterioration were recruited. Mean duration of PD was 6yrs., SD 3. Self-reported Eating Assessment Tool-10 scores ranging from 0 to 25 (normal<3). Prior to LSVT LOUD, 1-week post- and 6-months post-treatment, participants undertook a videofluoroscopic study of swallowing and aerodynamic measures of involuntary cough.

RESULTS: All participants completed the LSVT LOUD programme; 3 participants were lost to follow-up at 6-months. All participants made significant gains in average sound pressure level (dB SPL). Aspiration was not observed. Pharyngeal residue (p<0.05) and pharyngeal area at rest reduced (p<0.01) while maximal opening of pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) (p<0.05) and PES opening duration (p<0.05) significantly increased. There was a significant improvement in involuntary cough peak expiratory flow rate and peak expiratory flow rise time. All changes were maintained at 6-months.

CONCLUSION: LSVT LOUD demonstrates additional spread effects on pharyngoesophageal deglutitive function and involuntary cough effectiveness in people with mild PD referred with voice complaints. Consequently, LSVT LOUD has potential to provide additional benefits for swallowing safety and efficiency in this patient group.

Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Oh DH1, Won JH2, Kim YA2, Kim WJ3.

J Phys Ther Sci. 2017 Oct;29(10):1817-1818. doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.1817. Epub 2017 Oct 21.

Imagem: Cefon

Abstract

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of jaw opening exercise (JOE) on aspiration in patients with dysphagia after stroke. [Subjects and Methods] Three subjects were recruited. Isometric and isotonic JOE were performed using a rubber ball, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Aspiration was evaluated using the penetration-a spiration scale (PAS) based on a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. [Results] All subjects showed a score reduction of at least 1 point and a maximum reduction of 2 points in the PAS in the liquid type. [Conclusion] This study confirmed that JOE can be used to reduce aspiration in patients with dysphagia after stroke.

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Ana Rita GattoI; Paula Cristina ColaII; Roberta Gonçalves da SilvaIII; André Augusto SpadottoIV; Priscila Watson RibeiroV; Arthur Oscar SchelpV; Lidia Raquel de CarvalhoVI; Maria Aparecida Coelho de Arruda Henry

CoDAS vol.25 no.2 São Paulo  2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000200012

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito do sabor azedo e da temperatura fria no tempo de trânsito oral da deglutição.

MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 52 indivíduos (28 do gênero masculino e 24 do gênero feminino) após acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico, com lesão à direita ou à esquerda e disfagia orofaríngea de grau leve a moderado, com idades variando de 50 a 80 anos (mediana=66 anos). Foi realizada a videofluoroscopia da deglutição para a análise dos tempos de deglutição. Cada indivíduo foi avaliado durante a deglutição de bolo na consistência pastosa, oferecido em colher com 5 ml, com quatro estímulos diferentes (natural, frio, azedo e azedo-frio). Após o exame foram realizadas as medidas de tempo de trânsito oral utilizando software específico. Foram mensurados o tempo de trânsito oral (a partir do início do movimento do bolo alimentar na boca) e o tempo de trânsito oral total (a partir do momento em que o bolo é colocado na boca).
RESULTADOS: A associação entre o estímulo azedo e a temperatura fria provocou mudanças significavas no tempo de trânsito oral total e no tempo de trânsito oral, com redução nestes tempos.
CONCLUSÃO: O sabor azedo e a temperatura fria associados apresentaram redução do tempo de trânsito oral em pacientes pós acidente vascular encefálico.

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Kim JH1, Kim YA2, Lee HJ2, Kim KS3, Kim ST4, Kim TS5, Cho YS3.

J Phys Ther Sci. 2017 Nov;29(11):1967-1969. doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.1967. Epub 2017 Nov 24.

Imagem retirada Google

Abstract

Purpose:

This study investigated the effect of a combined method incorporating the Mendelsohn maneuver and effortful swallowing on aspiration in patients with dysphagia after stroke.

Subjects and Methods:

Three patients with dysphagia were recruited. All patients were treated with a combined method consisting of the Mendelsohn maneuver and effortful swallowing. The intervention period was total 20 sessions. Evaluation was based on videofluoroscopic swallowing study and the degree of aspiration was assessed using penetration-aspiration scale.

Results:

Before and after intervention, all participants showed a decrease in aspiration with liquid type and semisolid type food.

Conclusion:

This study confirms that the combined method of the Mendelsohn maneuver and effortful swallowing has a positive effect on aspiration in patients with dysphagia after stroke.

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Niimi M, Hashimoto G, Hara T, Yamada N, Abo M, Fujigasaki H, Ide T

Dysphagia. 2017 Nov 28. doi: 10.1007/s00455-017-9867-2. [Epub ahead of print]

Imagem: eatrightpro.org

Abstract

The frequency of spontaneous swallowing is useful for screening of dysphagia in acute stroke. Low levels of substance P (SP) in saliva attenuate the swallowing reflex. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the frequency of spontaneous swallowing and salivary SP levels. In 40 subjects, saliva was collected within 72 h after stroke onset and salivary SP levels were measured using ELISA kit at a later date. The frequency of spontaneous swallowing was measured over 1 h using a microphone placed on the neck. Pneumonia was diagnosed by the presence of pyrexia and at least two respiratory problems of four categories (sputum, cough or breathing pattern, breath sound, and gas change). The presence of detectable levels of SP in the saliva was confirmed in 17 patients (high SP group), whereas the level was below the detection limit of the ELISA kit in 23 patients (low SP group). The frequency of spontaneous swallowing was significantly lower in low SP group (16.1 ± 11.6 per hour) than in the high SP group (30.4 ± 20.4, p = 0.016). As the result of multiple regression analysis, salivary SP levels were correlated with frequency of spontaneous swallowing independently of age, NIHSS, and GCS. The incidence of pneumonia was significantly higher in the low than high SP group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the frequency of spontaneous swallowing was decreased in acute stroke patients with low salivary SP levels. Salivary SP levels can be potentially a useful biomarker of risk of stroke-associated pneumonia in the acute stage.

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