Arquivo da tag: deglutição

Implicações da traqueostomia na comunicação e na deglutição: Revisão

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Barros, Ana Paula Brandão; Portas, Juliana Godoy; Queija, Débora dos Santos

Rev. bras. cir. cabeça pescoço;38(3):202-207, jul.-set. 2009.

ABSTRACT:

Nas últimas duas décadas, pesquisadores e clínicos têm-se preocupado com o impacto da traqueostomia na respiração, comunicação e deglutição. A traqueostomia está associada ao aumento do risco da aspiração e a decanulação irá melhorar a qualidade das funções. Nos casos de fácil oclusão da traqueostomia, é necessário gradativamente aumentar o tempo de oclusão e observar o quadro clínico respiratório. A sequência irá variar de acordo com a doença de base e as condições respiratórias. O impacto da traqueostomia na fisiologia da deglutição pode ser mecânico e/ou funcional.

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Evolução da deglutição na faringoplastia lateral com preservação do estilofaríngeo

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Mesti, Jayson Junior; Cahali, Michel Burihan
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. 78(6): 51-55, ILUS, GRA. 2012 Dec.

RESUMO

Tratamento da apneia obstrutiva do sono por meio da faringoplastia lateral consiste na miotomia e reposicionamento dos músculos da parede lateral da faringe. A disfagia após cirurgia faríngea é influenciada pela dor, pelo incômodo das suturas, pela cicatrização e pela adaptação às alterações estruturais da faringe. A experiência com a faringoplastia mostra que o músculo constritor superior da faringe exerce um papel de pouca importância na deglutição, sua miotomia é totalmente compensada pela ação dos demais músculos da orofaringe. O estilofaríngeo exerce importante papel na deglutição.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar, diariamente, evolução da deglutição nos pacientes submetidos à faringoplastia lateral com identificação e preservação do músculo estilofaríngeo.
MÉTODO: O estudo é prospectivo e avaliamos a deglutição de 20 pacientes, por meio da aplicação diária de uma escala analógica visual desde o primeiro pós-operatório até a normalização da deglutição.
RESULTADOS: Os pacientes retornaram a sua dieta livre habitual, em média, 10,9 dias após as cirurgias e referiram apresentar deglutição normal, em média, com 21,6 dias. Todos os casos referiram retornar à deglutição normal no pós-operatório, com um prazo de recuperação de 33 dias.
CONCLUSÃO: Todos os pacientes submetidos à faringoplastia com preservação do músculo estilofaríngeo referiram normalização da deglutição em até 33 dias após a cirurgia.

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Food in liquid consistency and deglutition: a critical review of the literature

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Elaine Cristina Pires; Fernanda Chiarion Sassi; Laura Davison Mangilli; Suelly Cecília Olivan Limongi; Claudia Regina Furquim de Andrade

Rev. soc. bras. fonoaudiol. vol.17 no.4 São Paulo dez. 2012

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this literature review was to analyze international scientific papers published on the physiology of swallowing fluids in the oral and pharyngeal phases. The employed methodology involved the formulation of a question, the location and selection of studies, and a critical assessment of the manuscripts according to the concepts of the Cochrane Handbook. We identified 185 articles, of which 141 were excluded for not being directly related to the theme. Twenty-nine studies were analyzed. The researchers were strongly focused on ways to identify dysphagia and not on the features offered by swallowing various consistencies. Regarding the methodology employed in the reviewed articles, it was observed that there were no control groups in most studies. The studied groups were heterogeneous, especially when considering individuals with neurological disorders. In addition, the subjects were not paired by age. Thus, the findings of this review indicate that clinicians face great difficulty in applying these scientific findings in their daily practices, which, in turn, limits the use of evidence-based practice.

Keywords: Deglutition; Food; Drinking behavior; Deglutition disorders; Speech, language and hearing sciences

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Alimentos na consistência líquida e deglutição: uma revisão crítica da literatura

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Elaine Cristina Pires; Fernanda Chiarion Sassi; Laura Davison Mangilli; Suelly Cecília Olivan Limongi; Claudia Regina Furquim de Andrade

Rev. soc. bras. fonoaudiol. vol.17 no.4 São Paulo dez. 2012

RESUMO

O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura foi analisar artigos científicos internacionais publicados sobre a fisiologia da deglutição de alimentos líquidos nas fases oral e faríngea. A metodologia empregada envolveu a formulação da pergunta; localização e seleção dos estudos; avaliação crítica dos artigos; conforme os preceitos do Cochrane Handbook. Foram identificados 185 artigos, dos quais se excluiu 141 por não relacionarem-se diretamente ao tema e analisou-se 29 estudos. As pesquisas estão fortemente relacionadas às formas de identificação de disfagia e não as características proporcionadas pela deglutição de diferentes consistências. Quanto à metodologia empregada nos artigos analisados observa-se que na maioria dos estudos não há grupo-controle. Os grupos estudados são heterogêneos, principalmente quando considerando indivíduos com alterações neurológicas, além disso, não há pareamento de idade na maioria dos estudos. Dessa forma, os achados desta revisão demonstram que há dificuldade na aplicabilidade clínica dos achados científicos, dificultando a prática baseada evidências.

Descritores: Deglutição; Alimentos; Comportamento de ingestão de líquido; Transtornos de deglutição; Fonoaudiologia

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Impaired food transportation in Parkinson’s disease related to lingual bradykinesia

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Umemoto G; Tsuboi Y; Kitashima A; Furuya H; Kikuta T

Dysphagia;26(3):250-5, 2011 Sep.

This study aimed to analyze quantitatively videofluoroscopic (VF) images of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), to evaluate if the predicted factors of the oral phase of swallowing deteriorated with PD progression, and to demonstrate a relationship between the abnormal movements of the tongue and food transportation. Thirty PD patients were recruited and divided into mild/moderate (Hoehn & Yahr stages II and III) and advanced (stages IV and V) groups. They underwent measurement of tongue strength and VF using 5 ml of barium gelatin jelly as a test food. We measured the speed of bolus movement and the range of tongue and mandible movements during oropharyngeal transit time. The maximum tongue pressure of the mild/moderate group was significantly larger than that of advanced group (p = 0.047). The oropharyngeal transit time of the mild/moderate group was significantly shorter than that of the advanced group (p = 0.045). There was a significant negative correlation between the speed of tongue movement and the oropharyngeal transit time (p = 0.003, R = -0.527). Prolonged mealtimes and the ejection of insufficiently masticated food from the oral cavity into oropharynx were associated with PD progression. These results indicate the importance of the oral phase of swallowing in PD patients.

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Risperidone-induced bulbar palsy-like syndrome

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Sico JJ; Patwa H

Dysphagia;26(3):340-3, 2011 Sep.

There have been several case reports of risperidone-associated dysphagia. Risperidone-induced bulbar palsy-like syndrome has not been previously described. We report on a 58-year-old gentleman with prior history of schizophrenia and remote chlorpromazine use with no history of extrapyramidal symptoms who experienced acute onset of dysphagia and facial diplegia with hyperprolactinemia while being treated with risperidone. To date there have been five reported cases of dysphagia associated with risperidone, occurring by such mechanisms as isolated pharyngeal dysfunction from pharyngeal constrictor palsy and dystonia, drug-induced parkinsonism, and acute dystonic reaction. These cases were associated either with initiation or up-titration of risperidone, with complete resolution of dysphagia after medication discontinuation or dose change. Our patient developed dysphagia within 2 weeks of taking risperidone and completely resolved 1 month after the medication was stopped. Unlike other reported cases, our patient also experienced symptomatic hyperprolactinemia, another known side effect of risperidone. Physicians should also be aware that risperidone can be associated with oropharyngeal dysphagia secondary to an acute bulbar palsy-like syndrome that places patients at increased risk of aspiration events and its associated morbidity and mortality.

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Measuring elderly dysphagic patients’ performance in eating–a review

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Hansen T; Kjaersgaard A; Faber J

Disabil Rehabil;33(21-22):1931-40, 2011.

PURPOSE: This review aims to identify psychometrically robust assessment tools suitable for measuring elderly dysphagic patients’ performance in eating for use in clinical practice and research. METHOD: Electronic databases, related citations and references were searched to identify assessment tools integrating the complexity of the eating process. Papers were selected according to criteria defined a priori. Data were extracted regarding characteristics of the assessment tools and the evidence of reliability, validity and responsiveness. Quality appraisal was undertaken using developed criteria concerning the study design, the statistics used for the psychometric evaluation and the reported values. RESULTS: Eight of fourteen identified assessment tools met the inclusion criteria. Three assessment tools were specific to dementia, two were specific to stroke and three targeted a range of neurological and geriatric conditions. The rigor of the assessment tools’ psychometric properties varied from no evidence available to excellent evidence. Only two assessment tools were rated adequate to excellent. CONCLUSION: ‘The Minimal Eating Observation Form-Version II’ to be used for screening and ‘The McGill Ingestive Skills Assessment’ to be used for treatment planning and monitoring appeared to be psychometrically robust for clinical practice and research. However, further research on their psychometric properties is needed.

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Assessments in Australian stroke rehabilitation units: a systematic review of the post-stroke validity of the most frequently used

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Kitsos G; Harris D; Pollack M; Hubbard IJ

Disabil Rehabil;33(25-26):2620-32, 2011.

PURPOSE: In Australia, stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. For most stroke survivors, the recovery process is challenging, and in the first few weeks their recovery is supported with stroke rehabilitation services. Stroke clinicians are expected to apply an evidence-based approach to stroke rehabilitation and, in turn, use standardised and validated assessments to monitor stroke recovery. In 2008, the National Stroke Foundation conducted the first national audit of Australia’s post acute stroke rehabilitation services and findings identified a vast array of assessments being used by clinicians. This study undertook a sub-analysis of the audit’s assessment tools data with the aim of making clinically relevant recommendations concerning the validity of the most frequently selected assessments. METHOD: Data reduction ranked the most frequently selected assessments across a series of sub-categories. A serial systematic review of relevant literature using Medline and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature identified post-stroke validity ranking. RESULTS: The study found that standardised and non-standardised assessments are currently in use in stroke rehabilitation. It recommends further research in the sub-categories of strength, visual acuity, dysphagia, continence and nutrition and found strengths in the sub-categories of balance and mobility, upper limb function and mood. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to map national usage of post-stroke assessments and review that usage against the evidence. It generates new knowledge concerning what assessments we currently use post stroke, what we should be using and makes some practical post stroke clinical recommendations.

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Analysis of oropharyngeal dysphagia through fibroendoscopy evaluation of swallowing in patients with Parkinson’s disease

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Correa-Flores M; Arch-Tirado E; Villeda-Miranda A; Rocha-Cacho KE; Verduzco-Mendoza A; Hernández-López X

Cir Cir;80(1):31-7, 2012 Jan-Feb.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease (PD) has a high incidence in Mexico and is estimated at approximately 500,000 patients. One of the main clinical manifestations of PD is dysphagia, which is the difficult passage of food from the mouth to the stomach. The aim of this study was to assess oropharyngeal dysphagia through fibroendoscopy evaluation of swallowing in patients with PD. METHODS: We conducted a census sample of patients with PD: 17 males and 10 females, aged >49 years. Clinical history, physical examination and neurological evaluation of swallowing fibroendoscopy were carried out. RESULTS: Of the symptomatic patients, 16 patients (59.25%) reported dysphagia. Fibroendoscopic evaluation demonstrated swallowing disorders in 25 patients (92.59%). The main findings were poor bolus control in 19 patients (70.37%), deficits in bolus propulsion in 25 patients (92.59%), impaired swallowing in 14 patients (51.85%), fractional swallowing in 11 patients (40.74%), reduced epiglottic tilting in 11 patients (48.14%), food residue in vallecula in 24 patients (88.88%) and piriform sinus in 19 patients (70.37%). There was no correlation between duration of PD and degree of involvement of oropharyngeal dysphagia. CONCLUSIONS: Oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with PD is a common symptom and can range from the oral cavity to the upper esophageal sphincter. Early onset of severe dysphagia is exceptional in this disease and should alert the clinician to the diagnostic possibility of parkinsonism.

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Safety concerns and multidisciplinary management of the dysphagic patient

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Giammarino C; Adams E; Moriarty C; Cristian A

Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am;23(2):335-42, 2012 May.

The interdisciplinary health care team is responsible for providing medical care based on a patient-centered model while maintaining professional and ethical standards. However, an emerging body of research suggests that ineffective and inappropriate care, or fatal errors, arise from the lack of productive communication between patients, families, and medical caregivers. This has prompted the evolution of a new health care discipline, patient safety, which became increasingly prominent in the 1990s. The purpose of this article is to bridge the gap between the discipline of patient safety and its relationship to the diagnosis of dysphagia.

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